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CPU Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

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A CPU (central processing unit) executes and manages the rest of the hardware inside a computer system - it is the brain of a computer! The CPU is made up of the main memory, the processor and the cache memory. It's job is to process data (by processing we mean searching, sorting, calculating and decision making). The CPU follows the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle. The Fetch Stage: the CPU use a piece of hardware called the ' address bus ', this is where the CPU asks the RAM for some data. The RAM then responds with this data on the ' Data Bus '.  The Decode Stage: This is where the CPU converts the instructions in to a way in which it understands it. It then gets things ready for the next step.  The Execute Stage: This is where data processing happens. Instructions are carried out on the data, as soon as the command is completed it starts the next one. 
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Scheduling

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Scheduling is where a computer prioritises tasks to be carried out in a certain order to maximise the use of the computer and all of its peripherals. The algorithm must be robust so the computer does not freeze and also so every task/user gets a fair response time. Two main types of jobs are I/O bound jobs and processor bound jobs: I/O bound jobs (input/output) examples: Sending a document to the printer. Moving the mouse. Typing on the keyboard. Processor bound jobs examples: Playing Music Watching a video Calculating in Excel. There are different ways a processor can prioritise tasks: FCFS (first come first served) - tasks are started and completed in the order they are received. RR (round robin) – the time slice is 1 minute - each job has a minute spent on it before moving onto the next one. This occurs in a circuit until all jobs are complete. SJF – shortest job first - The job with the shortest completion time is carri
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Utility Software

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Computer security Anti-virus - Scans/analysing your system to check for virus’ on a regular basis, if it identifies a virus that it knows of (in its database) it will remove it from the system. Spyware protection - Scans user files, checks for damage caused by installed spyware to the system and analyses domain names that potentially contain spyware. They then remove or warn the user about issues.   Firewall - use to prevent specific network packets making it onto a network. These may be blocking people from accessing certain websites or from certain files from being downloaded/uploaded. Disk organisation Defragmenter - rearranges files stored on the hard drive so related files are stored together. This makes it easier for the CPU to find files easier to find and results in much faster performance. File transfer - software designed to transfer content from one device to another. Either done from one piece of hardware to another using physical cables or done using F
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